Profile Essay

Mike Koran L. Lykken 1021 Composition 03/09/13 Mike Koran (left) and Doug King (right) â€Å"I’m Doug. And I’m a survivor. † â€Å"I love to have fun! It is in my blood. † Doug speaks this way as if to show signs of life enjoyment behind scarred mental anguish. This is a man who was diagnosed dead in the back of an ambulance and fell into a coma. Doug is not lying when he says he likes to have fun because he is a man suffering from a severe brain injury due to his passion for fun and the thrill of excitement. He was young and doing want any young boy likes to do with a four-wheeler and that his go fast.Laura Stone, writer for dontjudgeme. com, writes; â€Å"Speaking of those toys†¦ While speeding on his quad (ATV) sans helmet, he smacked into a partially hidden tree stump and flew up in the air an estimated 80 to 120 feet, coming straight down on his head. As he lay there convulsing, the ambulance made its way through the bracken to him. He died in t he back of it as they raced back to the hospital, but was able to be brought back to life. He fell into a coma and stayed there for twelve days. † Doug is still looking forward these days and has a recent change in his life.Doug King is a part of Brevard County down here in FL. He lives in Melbourne which is the city next to Palm Bay and his area holds most of the shopping. It is similar to popular Minnesota twin cities shopping spots Maplewood mall/ Rosedale mall combined with a Robert or lake street. Doug believes in honesty, hard work, and perseverance because he is such an interesting character that when you first meet him, you see that he is so outgoing, that it doesn’t even make sense to ask any questions. He has a tremendous background full of life but he also suffered a lot of tragedy.He now is a `†hoarder†, for many reasons, but one in particular is due to a brain injury he suffered which resulted in permanent disability. We will go further into thi s tragedy and its detail because this man had died, for 12 days to be exact, and that lead him to hoarding. He does this as an action of hoarding to establish a memory bank full of material or trash that symbolizes a certain memory. This has worked as a tool for Doug and he tends to need the items to remind him of certain things in the past.Doug reminded me of Forrest Gump by the way he was continuously bringing up life stories and they were similar to the way the movie had such a personal and dramatic story line about one man’s life. Doug is open about his father committing suicide, about his death experience, his hole in his neck from; ripping a feeding tube out after he awoke from his coma. When you first get to know Doug this could all be said with in the first 10 minutes of meeting him because of his outburst of outgoing personality.He explains his tragic four wheel incident by saying â€Å"I can’t remember anything from before my coma but I read stories and I wa s shown pictures. I was in a coma for 12 days after dying in the back of an ambulance. I was brought back to life, stayed in the coma, woke up and freaked out. † He told the story with such poise that you knew he had told this story plenty of times. He explained how his brain damage crippled everything in his life. I started to get the feeling that Doug enjoyed sharing his story so much that he must have had accolades that he talks about. I was just on hoarders the T. V. show! † he answers to me. I am in disbelief! I ignorantly (but necessarily) search Google for him as we are talking. It turns out that Doug King was on an episode of Hoarders. â€Å"Doug is one of those rare people whom soap operas love to put in their stories: his traumatic brain injury was so great; all memories before that tragic day were wiped clean. This was when his hoarding began. † Laura Stone wrote in this article on a critique magazine company running under the domain of heydontjudgeme. com. There you are thinking to yourself why doesn’t this seem odd? It’s my life and I am comfortable with it but even the show had me staying in a nice hotel for the time they were shooting the episode because they didn’t want me to feel any urges to try and get more stuff while they were gone. I need things to keep my brain working right and when I don’t have them I go and get them wherever I can. † Doug says. â€Å"I like to make people laugh when I do something I call common comedy which I define as the old fashioned jokes that we all heard as a kid.I’ll ask a question like (Have you ever got caught jacking off in the closet? ) and the person or people will say no and that’s when I tell them (Good hiding spot aint it!? )†Doug laughs and says that this is what he calls â€Å"common comedy. † Doug is as innocent they come because he is like a child in an adult body and he tries his best every day to keep positive. Doug d oes not have many accomplishments in life but he proceeds to fight his condition and it’s a blessing that the show helped him out.Doug feels the need to keep this mindset going in his life but friends and family are scared that he will not be able to keep it up over time without the proper help. They are concerned for him and they know he is a special person with unfortunate events. Doug is taking it one day at a time. â€Å"I am trying to get into fire fighter class since I did the show. They firefighters of Brevard County inspired me during filming because they showed up and showed they cared. They were interested in seeing the show and its process and they knew I had lived here a long time.They were concerned on how I was living because I didn’t have electricity or water and I was open to many dangers among me. I found ways to live like this and they were shocked because I have the disability. I told them I am a HHH hoarder. I am an honest honorable hoarder. I hono r the smallest piece of item I have even if it is trash. I don’t have much and what I do have I keep. † Doug may not be the best citizen that this country offers but he is just as important as anyone else. His profile can inspire people to either help someone they know or just others in need of this condition that haunts so many people.The world and the people in it can help individuals like this simply by caring enough to help. Doug was fortunate to find a solution to his problems and not everyone will be able to be on hoarders. After the show Doug found that he had new opportunities. His house looks great compared to the way he had it and it is something he enjoys now. He has found new ways to turn his hoarding habits into healthy environment tasks such as cleaning. He has been working on finding new tools to fight against helps him feel connected to memory.These are as simple as organizing, collecting, and formatting his personal belongings in order for his OCD over memory retention. I met Doug after the show and he is a fixture around the area. â€Å"With the power fully restored, he’s now living in his house and working with an organizer to keep his house clean. His sister Amy takes him to his regular therapy sessions, and they’re growing closer again. Doug is the kind of guy who just deserves a break, and I hope these good things coming his way keep on coming. What a sweetheart of a guy.To learn more about traumatic brain injury and the resources available (medical and legal), go to www. braininjury. com† Laura also wraps up her piece with this statement. Dougs Office: http://www. aetv. com/hoarders/pictures/season-6-17213370/#Doug-office-before http://www. aetv. com/hoarders/photos/season-6/doug-living-room-before. JPG http://www. aetv. com/hoarders/photos/season-6/Doug-living-room-after. JPG CITING: www. AETV. com/hoarders LAURA STONE @ http://heydontjudgeme. com/2012/09/18/hoarders-6-2-doug-ruth/ Profile Essay Mike Koran L. Lykken 1021 Composition 03/09/13 Mike Koran (left) and Doug King (right) â€Å"I’m Doug. And I’m a survivor. † â€Å"I love to have fun! It is in my blood. † Doug speaks this way as if to show signs of life enjoyment behind scarred mental anguish. This is a man who was diagnosed dead in the back of an ambulance and fell into a coma. Doug is not lying when he says he likes to have fun because he is a man suffering from a severe brain injury due to his passion for fun and the thrill of excitement. He was young and doing want any young boy likes to do with a four-wheeler and that his go fast.Laura Stone, writer for dontjudgeme. com, writes; â€Å"Speaking of those toys†¦ While speeding on his quad (ATV) sans helmet, he smacked into a partially hidden tree stump and flew up in the air an estimated 80 to 120 feet, coming straight down on his head. As he lay there convulsing, the ambulance made its way through the bracken to him. He died in t he back of it as they raced back to the hospital, but was able to be brought back to life. He fell into a coma and stayed there for twelve days. † Doug is still looking forward these days and has a recent change in his life.Doug King is a part of Brevard County down here in FL. He lives in Melbourne which is the city next to Palm Bay and his area holds most of the shopping. It is similar to popular Minnesota twin cities shopping spots Maplewood mall/ Rosedale mall combined with a Robert or lake street. Doug believes in honesty, hard work, and perseverance because he is such an interesting character that when you first meet him, you see that he is so outgoing, that it doesn’t even make sense to ask any questions. He has a tremendous background full of life but he also suffered a lot of tragedy.He now is a `†hoarder†, for many reasons, but one in particular is due to a brain injury he suffered which resulted in permanent disability. We will go further into thi s tragedy and its detail because this man had died, for 12 days to be exact, and that lead him to hoarding. He does this as an action of hoarding to establish a memory bank full of material or trash that symbolizes a certain memory. This has worked as a tool for Doug and he tends to need the items to remind him of certain things in the past.Doug reminded me of Forrest Gump by the way he was continuously bringing up life stories and they were similar to the way the movie had such a personal and dramatic story line about one man’s life. Doug is open about his father committing suicide, about his death experience, his hole in his neck from; ripping a feeding tube out after he awoke from his coma. When you first get to know Doug this could all be said with in the first 10 minutes of meeting him because of his outburst of outgoing personality.He explains his tragic four wheel incident by saying â€Å"I can’t remember anything from before my coma but I read stories and I wa s shown pictures. I was in a coma for 12 days after dying in the back of an ambulance. I was brought back to life, stayed in the coma, woke up and freaked out. † He told the story with such poise that you knew he had told this story plenty of times. He explained how his brain damage crippled everything in his life. I started to get the feeling that Doug enjoyed sharing his story so much that he must have had accolades that he talks about. I was just on hoarders the T. V. show! † he answers to me. I am in disbelief! I ignorantly (but necessarily) search Google for him as we are talking. It turns out that Doug King was on an episode of Hoarders. â€Å"Doug is one of those rare people whom soap operas love to put in their stories: his traumatic brain injury was so great; all memories before that tragic day were wiped clean. This was when his hoarding began. † Laura Stone wrote in this article on a critique magazine company running under the domain of heydontjudgeme. com. There you are thinking to yourself why doesn’t this seem odd? It’s my life and I am comfortable with it but even the show had me staying in a nice hotel for the time they were shooting the episode because they didn’t want me to feel any urges to try and get more stuff while they were gone. I need things to keep my brain working right and when I don’t have them I go and get them wherever I can. † Doug says. â€Å"I like to make people laugh when I do something I call common comedy which I define as the old fashioned jokes that we all heard as a kid.I’ll ask a question like (Have you ever got caught jacking off in the closet? ) and the person or people will say no and that’s when I tell them (Good hiding spot aint it!? )†Doug laughs and says that this is what he calls â€Å"common comedy. † Doug is as innocent they come because he is like a child in an adult body and he tries his best every day to keep positive. Doug d oes not have many accomplishments in life but he proceeds to fight his condition and it’s a blessing that the show helped him out.Doug feels the need to keep this mindset going in his life but friends and family are scared that he will not be able to keep it up over time without the proper help. They are concerned for him and they know he is a special person with unfortunate events. Doug is taking it one day at a time. â€Å"I am trying to get into fire fighter class since I did the show. They firefighters of Brevard County inspired me during filming because they showed up and showed they cared. They were interested in seeing the show and its process and they knew I had lived here a long time.They were concerned on how I was living because I didn’t have electricity or water and I was open to many dangers among me. I found ways to live like this and they were shocked because I have the disability. I told them I am a HHH hoarder. I am an honest honorable hoarder. I hono r the smallest piece of item I have even if it is trash. I don’t have much and what I do have I keep. † Doug may not be the best citizen that this country offers but he is just as important as anyone else. His profile can inspire people to either help someone they know or just others in need of this condition that haunts so many people.The world and the people in it can help individuals like this simply by caring enough to help. Doug was fortunate to find a solution to his problems and not everyone will be able to be on hoarders. After the show Doug found that he had new opportunities. His house looks great compared to the way he had it and it is something he enjoys now. He has found new ways to turn his hoarding habits into healthy environment tasks such as cleaning. He has been working on finding new tools to fight against helps him feel connected to memory.These are as simple as organizing, collecting, and formatting his personal belongings in order for his OCD over memory retention. I met Doug after the show and he is a fixture around the area. â€Å"With the power fully restored, he’s now living in his house and working with an organizer to keep his house clean. His sister Amy takes him to his regular therapy sessions, and they’re growing closer again. Doug is the kind of guy who just deserves a break, and I hope these good things coming his way keep on coming. What a sweetheart of a guy.To learn more about traumatic brain injury and the resources available (medical and legal), go to www. braininjury. com† Laura also wraps up her piece with this statement. Dougs Office: http://www. aetv. com/hoarders/pictures/season-6-17213370/#Doug-office-before http://www. aetv. com/hoarders/photos/season-6/doug-living-room-before. JPG http://www. aetv. com/hoarders/photos/season-6/Doug-living-room-after. JPG CITING: www. AETV. com/hoarders LAURA STONE @ http://heydontjudgeme. com/2012/09/18/hoarders-6-2-doug-ruth/

Performing Arts Is a Waste of Time, Money and Resource Essay

Nowadays almost all schools include such subjects as art, drama, and music in their educational program. Therefore, by the time when children graduate school they have general understanding and basic knowledge in all of them. In my opinion, it is a positive tendency and these subjects should indeed be a part of every child’s education. I would like to introduce several reasons and examples that I believe will support my viewpoint. First and foremost, teaching of subjects such as art, drama and music is very crucial in forming of a thoroughly developed and educated individual who is well aware not only of science and related fields but also of arts in wide sense of this word. Completely educated person should have skills or at least knowledge in and understanding of art, music and drama as well, because these subjects develop creativity and artistic approach to life and surrounding world. Even though if a child will not pursue any of these fields of arts, he will be able to comprehend and appreciate them, by making his input to preservation and promotion of these subjects in future. For example, I did not attend any specialized music or art school, but my basic knowledge obtained at school assist me in apprehension and evaluation of pieces of art, music or drama. In addition, I can hold discussion in any of these subjects without any difficulties due to my background, received at school. Furthermore, teaching of these subjects helps parents in detection of hidden talents and special aptitudes of their child, because usually parents take their children to specialized art or music schools after discovering interest and abilities toward any of the mentioned subjects. For instance, my neighbors decided to send their seven years daughter to fine art courses because she was doing very well in her art class, especially in painting. Moreover, teaching of these subjects enrich the inside world of any child and assist in expression of ideas, thoughts and feelings that a child is unable to due to the traits of character. Usually people who cannot convey their feelings through words are successfully express them by playing music, drawing, creating sculptures and so on. The best example is the prominent scientist A. Einstein who was at the same time a very good violin player. When asked of the reason of his passion to music he responded that it was the best way to express what he could not deliver in words. In contrary, too much propagation of music, art or drama may shift a child away from the other subjects that constitute an important part of education as well. Only few of children desplay special ptitude to the mentioned subjects and mere interest in, let us say, music may persuade parents and a child to believe falsely that the latter has talent to it and drift him/her away from studying other subjects, causing serious gaps in a child’s education. In conclusion, I would like to emphasize, that teaching of music, art, and drama are critical in revealing hidden abilities of children toward these subjects and in forming completely educated and thoroughly developed individual with rich inside world. That is why I adhere to opinion that music, art and drama should be a part of every child’s education.

The Effects of Technology on Teens

The Effects of Technology on Teens Modern day technological advancements are constantly seen throughout every aspect of life. Cell phones, portable Internet availability, laptop computers, iPods, mp3 players of every brand, and many other devices, are everywhere. They seem to possess unending possible detriments, but, along with such issues, technology also has positive impacts on today’s youth. In some situations, the Internet and iPod prevent sociability, though in others they may be the cause of increased social activity.Overall, modern technology has the capability to bring people together as well as enhance the social abilities of the today’s youth; however, if used without discretion, can also create a less interactive generation, frequently depending on technology for satisfaction. The immense capabilities of the Internet today are astonishing, and offer many positive opportunities for teens. Primarily, the Internet makes sharing information fast and simple, desp ite factors that in other cases would prohibit such simple distribution.According to Jean-Francois Coget in Source C, â€Å"With the Internet, information can be transmitted and received with ease at any time of the day to and from any number of friends. † It is possible to send videos, pictures, papers, projects, and a quantity of other things with the click of a button. The transfer can happen in seconds. The amazing capability of modern day Internet simplifies teenage life, by providing a way to convey knowledge. Another way in which Internet proves positive is by providing a way to keep in touch with friends and family worldwide, or just across town.Whether it’s a friend that switched schools and is never around, or a family member in London, the Internet makes it possible to email, instant message, and even video chat. Such qualities of Internet communication bring people together with more frequent contact, boosting sociability and relationships. In addition, the Internet also has the capability to, â€Å"foster openness, self-confidence, and a greater sense of ease, and comfort in dealing with others† (Source C).Since it is not obligatory to reveal physical appearance or social status over the Internet, it grants an opportunity to be a completely new person, who is entirely open and confident. Internet chats, even with mere acquaintances, can supply a chance for socially challenged teens to experience a form of social interaction, in order to create a sense of composure. Modern day Internet advancements not only offer an easier way to share information, but also contribute to sociability by providing a way to communicate with distant friends and family, as well as giving socially challenged teenagers an opportunity for interaction.Likewise, another modern day technology, the iPod, may also have a positive effect on some teenagers, by presenting a different view of the world as well as uniting individuals through musical taste. In th e eyes of Kelly Doyle-Mace, in Source D, â€Å"music deepens the experience of walking through the world, rather than detracting from it. † There are millions of songs out there, one to match every possible mood. Sometimes, turning on just the right song can be motivational and provide a completely new outlook on a certain circumstance.In addition, lyrics are often relatable to personal life and can be significant or simply encouraging. Another way in which iPods and personal musical taste is a positive effect on teens is by uniting people of different backgrounds and diversities through their music choice. Lisa and Johnny Rocket, hosts of â€Å"iPod DJ nights,† describe that one night a month they invite guests to bring their iPods to a London bar. Where they can play whatever songs they choose (Source D). â€Å"Even more diverse than the music are the members†¦ the iPod acts to bring people together,† Lisa explains (Source D).These gatherings prove that a s diverse as music can be, it is also unifying. The multitudes of people attending these parties, from every race background and belief, are united through their assorted music taste. IPods have the potential to positively affect today’s youth by matching any and every mood with music, resulting in a deeper walk through life, as well as bringing people together by means of musical interest. The alternative argument is that the Internet can be a significantly negative influence on teenagers, if overused. Constant Internet use detracts time that could be spent with friends and family.Hours wasted away typing useless messages is detrimental to personal relationships with the ones who really matter. It was discovered through a study in Pittsburgh that people who use the Internet most often are â€Å"spending less time talking with their families†¦keeping up with fewer friends† (Source B). It is of no use to spend so much time talking to people over the Internet, when one could just as easily walk down the stairs and spend time with family, or go to see friends instead. According to Source F, Internet users participate in approximately 244. minutes per day spent with friends and family, while non-Internet users spend on average 381. 6 minutes per day with friends and family. Modern day Internet opportunities are decreasing physical interaction and essential quality time. The Pittsburgh study also determined that such teens are â€Å"feeling more lonely and depressed† (Source B). Even though teenagers are simply using the Internet for â€Å"interpersonal communication,† it is causing reliance on brightly lit screens and keyboards, instead of sincere personal interactions with close friends and family members (Source B).Investing too much on Internet chats will inevitably produce a sense of deprivation, and a resulting sense of loneliness from a lack of real relationships and personal contact. Obsessive or constant use of the Internet as a social tool deprives teens from necessary relationships that are crucial to life, especially throughout high school and college, which will ultimately result in a damaging sense of loneliness and depression. Similarly, iPods, much like the Internet, become a negative influence on teenagers, when in constant use.According to a university student’s study of iPods, â€Å"the main appeal of the iPod is that it preoccupies you so you are no longer obligated to interact with the uncontrollable factors of everyday life† (Source E). IPods provide an easy escape from having to interact with strangers in a public situation; because, in just about any situation, pressing play can zone everything out. This portable instant entertainment takes away opportunities to meet new people, or just admire the surroundings and environment of a new place.Although it is a solution to boredom, there are other, more advantageous, solutions such as social interaction. Such disregard to disc overing new people and new places leads to isolation. The obvious signal iPods send out is â€Å"don’t bother trying to talk to me† (Source E). Headphones constantly blasting music often prevent conversations that could prove to be much more worthwhile. The need to continuously be surrounded by one’s own familiar environment results in countless missed opportunities for meeting new people or experiencing â€Å"natural sights and ounds† (Source E). The Internet and iPod affect today’s youth in positive ways; however, when not used in moderation, can become negative influences. Modern technologies are positive by providing simple communication, unifying diversities, and deepening the experiences of the world through music. Those same technological advancements can become highly addictive, and like all addictions, have negative consequences. Teens who are constantly engaged in using technologies become so addicted that they spend less time with loved ones, and feel lonely and depressed.Technological addiction is leading to a more isolated generation, overly dependent on technology. Modern technological advances, particularly the Internet and iPod, have many positive effects on today’s youth, yet if overused can lead to addiction, which consequently produces negative influences and over obsession. Although technology can be profitable, it must be used in moderation, as not to damage the social ability of today’s youth.

Analysis Of The Royal Dutch Shell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Analysis Of The Royal Dutch Shell - Essay Example The cases of oil spillage are the serious issue and also the shift of the consumers demand towards cleaner technologies to reduce pollution is a serious problem. In terms of opportunities, Shell is innovating newer technologies and low carbon solutions so as to ensure product standard and the cleaner environment. The company has been benefitted by the rise in the global demand for the Liquefied Natural Gas and therefore, there is an opportunity to expand in other economies. The threats faced by Shell are mainly oil price fluctuations in the global market, high competition, product substitution and stringent governmental rules and regulations regarding environmental concerns. 1.2. Operational strategies. The successful performance of a company depends on the organization structure, its external and internal environment. Shell has its own service stations, wide market, and transport and trade network, energy-efficient technologies for production like solar panels. The company also work s with collaboration with government, society, and industry which enables them to provide best quality products and services (Hill, Jones and Schilling, 2014). 2.0. Social and Ethical Issues for Evaluation of Economic Impact There are certain social and ethical factors that are needed to be emphasized because they have been known environmental activists for their mistakes. There are constant questions regarding the use of the technologies used by Shell and whether they are environmentally friendly or not.

Gendered Spaces Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gendered Spaces - Essay Example It is believed many of the ills of contemporary home environment can be traced to these historic developments which should be easily rectifiable by incorporating "feminine" aspects of space design (Roberts, 1991). The case for a feminine urban theory can be built on an obvious assumption that women were historically "oppressed" by a system of patriarchy which denied them an active voice in matters dealing with not only urban planning but also other aspects of life such as politics, civic participation, games and sports, trade etc. (McDowell, 1984, Francke, 1985). Rendell, Penner & Borden (2000) criticise this theory for its ignoring of the histories surrounding matriarchal civilisations such as Ancient Egypt and Samoa. The authors suggest that the theory of "oppression" is at best, an oversimplification of any historical legacy conferred by gendered spaces. In order to study this problem in detail, one must place higher focus on technical aspects of gender spaces phenomenon (Rendell, Penner & Borden, 2000). This would be made clear by unique gender displays which affect spatial dynamics in an actual interaction. 1. Relative size: Men occupy more space than women in terms of body size and posture (Umiker-Sebeok, 1985). This automatically translates into a male obsession for large size for example, preferences as in phallus-shaped skyscrapers or large limousines. 2. Psychological withdrawal from the social context: Men are fiercely territorial and prepare for potential threats to their control of the situation whereas women are more inclusive about differing arrangements (Umiker-Sebeok, 1985). 3. Ritualised subordination: Women show signs of being controlled by others and have more appeasing behaviour such as smiling which leads to a curvi-linear pattern in design which can be seen in traditional kitchens (Umiker-Sebeok, 1985; Spain, 1992). Men, in contrast, are more dominant and unyielding which can be seen in their preference for bold lines manifesting in rectilinear patterns (90) (Umiker-Sebeok, 1985; Spain, 1992). 4. Functional Ranking: Men like to control the actions of others whereas women are more concerned with being at a gentle ease about themselves (Umiker-Sebeok, 1985). 5. Locations: Women are generally found in domestic locations such as kitchens and nursery whereas men are found in lot more diverse locations (Umiker-Sebeok, 1985). 6. Touch/Manipulation: It has been repeatedly observed that when it comes to touching and manipulating objects, men choose to manoeuvre them whereas women tend to gently caress/examine them (Umiker-Sebeok, 1985). 7. Movement: Men usually make movements which are both faster and farther from the central object (Umiker-Sebeok, 1985). Women, in contrast, are set at a more leisurely pace which is seen in the way they manipulate things (Umiker-Sebeok, 1985). In an Australian context, according to an experiment conducted on the US print and

The New Labour party and Childhood Education Research Proposal

The New Labour party and Childhood Education - Research Proposal Example The main body of the essay would examine the early years' education and care policy development before 1997 and deduce the main limitations and shortcomings of the existing system. The research would proceed to examine the changes in the New Labour party and the coalition government and produce an evaluation and synthesis of the policies they put in place in relation to childhood and education. The policies would be critiqued and analyzed in-depth and the strengths and weaknesses of the systems would be identified and examined. The main body of the essay would examine the early years' education and care policy development before 1997 and deduce the main limitations and shortcomings of the existing system. The research would proceed to examine the changes in the New Labour party and the coalition government and produce an evaluation and synthesis of the policies they put in place in relation to childhood and education. The policies would be critiqued and analyzed in-depth and the stre ngths and weaknesses of the systems would be identified and examined. Contextualization of Education and Child Care Policy This section would examine the very essence of education policy and how it affects governments and fundamental stakeholders in British society. It would involve the examination of the concept of policy and how it affects life in society. â€Å"Policy is a statement by the government of what it intends to do such as law, regulation, ruling, decision or a combination of these. The lack of such statements may also by an implicit statement† (Birkland, 2009: p9). This means that policy involves all the plans and the aspirations of a government that forms the blueprint of what they intend to do during their tenure in office. There is also another view of policy. This is a more general view of policy which is â€Å"... an intentional course of action followed by a government institution or official for resolving an issue of public concern† (Eisener, 2011: p4). In other words, a policy is more of a conscious and direct approach that guides institutions in order to attain some ends that is relevant to society as a whole.

Empowerment and Organizational Effectiveness Essay

Empowerment and Organizational Effectiveness - Essay Example According to the paper, Â  human capital offerings in the form of their qualifications, skills, and experiences enhance organizational outcomes. Therefore, employee training, skill enhancement, and other expertise are given priority in strategic activities. With such level of commitment from organization, employees become even more committed and help organization to achieve its objective that results in an effective organization. Competitive markets reveal that all components of effectiveness are efficient in organization . Organization's excellence depends on its capability in achieving objectives by optimal use of its human resource, technology, and equipment. Experts believe that if empowerment results in better job satisfaction, it will also enhance employees' relationship with customers, suppliers, management, supervisor, and other colleagues.Therefore, empowerment directly influences organization's performance and effectiveness. This study discusses that there is a diverse body of literature on empowerment and its influence on organizational and individual performance. The paper explores empowerment background, the concept of empowerment, its strength, and reviews the works of some prominent scholars. Within a decade of its arrival, the trend of employee empowerment has reached to the status of a movement, but some consider it a fad depending on their approach. The core idea behind empowerment is the increased individual employee's motivation through giving authority to the lowest level of organization where an efficient decision can be made. The concept of empowerment has its roots inconsistent motivation, participative decision making, job design, self-management, and social learning theory. The literature on empowerment has both macro and micro perspective. Macro perspective concentrates on organization's structure and policies, on the other hand, micro perspective deals with empowerment as an intrinsic m otivation.

E-Business and Value Chains Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

E-Business and Value Chains - Essay Example This paper will seek to develop e-value and e-customer chains in terms of e-business to show the means by which information technology (IT) has been influencing the Virgin Atlantic Airways apparel business innovation, transformation, and development among other benefits (Godwin, 2009:4). Additionally, this paper will focus on opportunities brought about by electronic business and asses strengths as well as weaknesses experienced by this organization due to information technology. Changes in supply chain management practices of Virgin Atlantic Airways Virgin Atlantic Airways is an acclaimed leader in the aviation industry. Being the first airline to introduce or launch customer for the Airbus A340-600, it accords its name a great deal of success and innovation (Buhalis, 2003:7). This airline revolutionized the business when it created the Upper Class ‘Suite’ and started offering regular services to 25 destinations globally. With development of internet, the supply chain m anagement and practices of this airline transformed. This is because; information communication technologies transformed the entire business world of aviation. In particular, the airline industry fostered its dependency on technology due to its strategic and operational management. Virgin Atlantic Airways was an early adopter of information communication technolo

Two Approaches to Relieving Poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Two Approaches to Relieving Poverty - Essay Example To eliminate poverty Grameen Bank has bought a solution which they call banking for the poor. Grameen Bank is founded by Muhammad Younus who won the Noble Peace prize for his Bank. It is a community development bank which is based on microfinance credits. The idea behind the system of this bank is that the poor people have many skills which are not being utilized. The bank gives small loans without the requirement of collateral. It also accepts deposits and runs many businesses including telephone and fabric business. The most remarkable point about the credit program of this bank is that the majority of the loan takers are women. Grameen Bank has changed the behavior towards women in an orthodox Muslim society where women are subjugated to many social vices. (Younus, 80) In Bangladesh the total women labor force is only 9%. But Grameen Bank is the most successful in engaging women in economic activities. Women participation in Bank's activities is constantly on the rise. If this con tinues to happen the bank will become exclusive for women. There are many success stories of women like Ammajan Amina and sufiya begum who started bamboo business successfully. The Grameen bank model has pro

Do an analysis of the strategic capability of Toyota Manufacturing Essay

Do an analysis of the strategic capability of Toyota Manufacturing - Essay Example Hence the explanation of the manufacturing process will also include this factor with reference to cost efficiency. In drawbacks or absence (if any) of crucial elements will also be looked into. There is an irony that exists in the American automobile sector. While many companies are finding difficult to compete internationally due to high costs of production, Toyota’s manufacturing facility in the country continues to grow profitably. The TPS has been copied by many companies without real success. It is only for Toyota that the system works irrespective of the market in which operates in manufacturing bases. One single factor for the failure of others to match the Company is that they apply it only to some of the department, especially production and manufacturing. Toyota on the other hand â€Å"carefully describes its fabled system as an operating philosophy for guiding the management of an entire enterprise.† (Teresko, 2006). Unless the TPS becomes a philosophy and is applied throughout the organization, its success will be very limited. The key features that include resources of the Toyota Production System are given below. It should be noted that key manu facturing terms like just-in-time production, total quality management, lean and agile systems, re-engineering are all incorporated in this process. Toyota is also credited as the creator of the famous just-in-time system. 3. Focusing on the pull system: The pull system is one where raw materials are supplied only when it is needed by any area of production. They then pull the product from inventory or the previous production stage. When implemented throughout the process, there will be no overproduction of backlog in the plant. 4. If any problems are seen, the manufacturing within that sub-process is stopped until they are fixed. It is better to get the quality factor right at the production stage itself rather than recall an automobile after it has been sold. 6. The company depends on reliable and

Emergency preparedness Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Emergency preparedness - Assignment Example Risk and vulnerability assessment is the process of investigating whether or not there is a risk or threat that poses danger to a specific institution. This is done by security personnel who look at a threat, vulnerability, and consequences of a suspected risk (Threat/Vulnerability Assessments and Risk Analysis, n.d.). Some of the major needs of a Healthcare Organization would be a complete set of medical equipments, tools, drugs; enough space to accommodate people; and most especially a group of knowledgeable and skilled nurses and doctors. On the other hand, a healthcare organization’s major responsibility during an emergency would be to be able to provide initial treatment to ease the pain or even save a life during the most crucial time, before a patient’s condition is stabilized. Emergency preparedness is all about foreseeing all the possible risks or threats that could happen with regard to a certain activity, event, or in a certain location. On the other hand, disasters are damages that could be caused by nature or man. However, though there are disasters we cannot contemplate such as some earthquakes, there are also some natural disasters that we can contemplate such as tsunamis being caused by an earthquake aftershock or a typhoon caused by global warming. Man-made caused disasters, for me, are a result of carelessness or irresponsibility which we can totally

Describe the Expected Pattern of Children Essay Example for Free

Describe the Expected Pattern of Children Essay Gradually develops ability to hold up own head. Makes movements with arms and legs which gradually become more controlled. Rolls over from front to back, from back to front. When lying on tummy becomes able to lift first head and then chest, supporting self with forearms and then straight arms. Watches and explores hands and feet, e. g. when lying on back lifts legs into vertical position and grasps feet. Reaches out for, touches and begins to hold objects. Explores objects with mouth, often picking up an object and holding it to the mouth. Enjoys the company of others and seeks contact with others from birth. Gazes at faces and copies facial movements. e. g. sticking out tongue, opening mouth and widening eyes. Responds when talked to, for example, moves arms and legs, changes facial expression, moves body and makes mouth movements. Recognises and is most responsive to main carer’s voice: face brightens, activity increases when familiar carer appears. Responds to what carer is paying attention to, e. g. following their gaze. Likes cuddles and being held: calms, snuggles in, smiles, gazes at carer’s face or strokes carer’s skin. Turns toward a familiar sound then locates range of sounds with accuracy. Listens to, distinguishes and responds to intonations and sounds of voices. Quietens or alerts to the sound of speech. Looks intently at a person talking, but stops responding if speaker turns away. Listens to familiar sounds, words, or finger plays. 1 – 2 years Walks alone and stands on tiptoe Climbs on furniture and begins to run Builds a tower of six or more blocks Empties objects from a container Becomes aware of his or her identity as a separate individual May become defiant Becomes interested in playing with other children Separation anxiety begins to fade Speaks about 50 words Links two words together Uses some adjectives (big, happy) Speaks clearly enough for parents to understand some of the words Begins to play make-believe Begins to sort objects by shape and colour Scribbles Finds hidden objects 2 – 3 years Walks up and down stairs, alternating feet Kicks, climbs, runs and pedals a tricycle Builds a tower of nine or more blocks Manipulates small objects and turns book pages one at a time Imitates parents and playmates Takes turns Expresses affection openly Easily separates from parents Speaks 250 to 500 or more words Speaks in three-and four-word sentences Uses pronouns (I, you, we, they) and some plurals States first name Asks why questions Correctly names some colours Copies a circle Understands the concepts of same and different 3 – 4 years Stands on one foot for at least five seconds Throws ball overhand, kicks ball forward and catches bounced ball most of the time Dresses and undresses Uses scissors Cooperates with playmates Tries to solve problems May have a best friend Becomes more independent Answers simple questions Speaks in complete sentences Uses prepositions (under, beside, in front) Speaks clearly enough for strangers to understand Becomes involved in more complex imaginary play Prints some capital letters Draws a person with two to four body parts Understands the concepts of morning, afternoon and night 4 – 5 years Stands on one foot for at least 10 seconds Hops, swings and somersaults May learn to ride a bike and swim Brushes own teeth and cares for other personal needs Wants to be like friends Follows rules Understands gender Wants to do things alone Understands rhyming Uses compound and complex sentences Uses future tense States full name and address Uses imagination to create stories Correctly counts 10 or more objects Copies a triangle and other geometric patterns Understands the concepts of time and sequential order. 6 years Jumps over rope 25cm high Learning to skip with rope Tie own shoes Eager for fresh experiences More demanding and stubborn, less sociable Joining a ‘gang’ maybe important May be quarrelsome with friends Needs to succeed as failing too often leads to poor self esteem Reading skills developing well Drawings more precise and detailed Figure may be drawn if profile Can describe how one object differs from another Mathematical skills developing, may use symbols instead of concrete objects May write independently years Hand-eye coordination is well developed Has good balance Can execute simple gymnastic movements, such as somersaults Skills constantly improving More dexterity and precision in all areas Desires to be perfect and is quite self-critical Worries more; may have low self-confidence Tends to complain; has strong emotional reactions Understands the difference between right and wrong Takes direction well; needs punishment only rarely Avoids and withdraws from adults Is a better loser and less likely to place blame Waits for her turn in activities Starts to feel guilt and shame Read independently and with increasing fluency longer and less familiar texts Spell with increasing accuracy and confidence, drawing on word recognition and knowledge of word structure, and spelling patterns including common inflections and use of double letters Moving towards abstract thought Draw together ideas and information from across a whole text, using simple signposts in the text Read whole books on their own, choosing and justifying selections Engage with books through exploring and enacting interpretation 8 -12 years Movements well coordinated Physical skills improving Takes part in team games Drawings become more complex Friendship becomes more important Independence increasing More understand to self Concentration improves Able to read fluently May think scientifically Able to play complex games such as chess 12 – 19 years Hormonal changes Puberty Skin changes Growth spurts Body hair develops Girl; menstruates; breasts develop, hips broaden Boy; facial hair develops; voice deepens, growth of penis and testes Skills develops depending on interest and practice, for example play a musical instrument Adolescents start to think about the future and if motivated will use all their intellectual ability to achieve their educational goals

Internal and External Impacts on Child Development

Internal and External Impacts on Child Development The expected pattern of children’s development is as follows. The development of children should be viewed in a holistic way each child is unique and will develop in their own way. Physical Development 0 -3 years. This is a time of fast physical development . New born baby’s have little control of their bodies at first it is reflex movements eg. Sucking , grasping. In the first year they gradually learn to have more control over their bodies and most babies have stated to crawl or roll as they continue they will begin to walk and control their bodies, also they may climb and begin to feed and dress themselves. By about 3 most children will page turn and colour and explore toys like tricycles and cars. They will have developed their gross motor skills ,but have no sense of danger they require close monitoring. Also their vocabulary may be around 200 words but consistency in behaviour 3 -7 years. At this stage children will be more co-ordinated and will gain confidence as a result. Their fine motor skills will have developed and they can cut write and draw. Also their gross motor skills are developed running , kicking a ball and using large equipment are easier. 7 – 12 years. Children will continue to grow and develop, and refine many skills. They may start to have hobbies and interest which help their fine and gross motor skill for example dance, football, ,music or sewing. Girls may star to show signs of puberty from 10 or 11. In boys this is usually later. 12 – 16 years. At this stage young people will be growing stronger. Boys will begin puberty and many girls will have completed the process. Between these ages height and strength will vary most boys will be taller than girls on average. 16 – 19 years. This is the stage at which young people are adults, although most girls may have reached physical maturity, boys continue to grow into their mid -20s Intellectual and Cognitive development. It is important to know that children develop in a variety of ways depending on their own experiences and opportunities given from an early age. Children have their own strengths and abilities. Good point. 0 -3 years. Babies will start looking at the world around them and enjoy repetitive games. They begin to understand that when objects are hidden they are still they also they may point to objects. 3 – 7 years. At this stage children will be starting to learn to read and developing skills of number and writing. They will be looking for adult approval and learning about their world 7 – 11 years Children will start to decide what activities or subjects they enjoy. They will still be influenced by adults. They will transfer information and think In a more abstract way. They will be becoming fluent in reading and writing. 12 – 16 years. Young people by now will have a clear idea of subjects they like and be motivated in these areas. They will be choosing their learning pathways. They may lack confidence and avoid less popular subjects. It is very important that they feel good and want to belong. 16 – 19 years. School leavers will now be thinking about career or university choices. They will focus on their areas of strength and look forward to continuing development. Communication and language development. 0 -3 years. From birth onwards adults will talk to their baby even though they do not understand what is being said yet this is important for babies to be stimulated and have an interest shown in them if this does not happen they may struggle to communicate later in life. After early babbling babbies at about 12 months they will try to speak single words but not very clear. Between 1 and 2 they will start to put words together by about 2 years old they will have about 200 words .Between 2 and 3 they will start using plurals and negatives I their speech but may still make errors like â€Å"I drawed it. 3 – 7 years. Communication is very important at this age for friendships to develop they are very sociable and enjoy jokes and stories. They will also ask a lot of questions and be able to talk about things past and present with confidence. 7 – 12 years and upwards. By this stage most children will be fluent in their language. They will develop in reading and writing and be able to think and discuss their ideas in more abstract terms. Many young children will now use phones and technology to communicate with their friends. Social, emotional, and moral development. This area of development concerns how children and young people feel about themselves and relate to others. They need to learn how to grow in confidence and how to become independent adults. 0-3 years. Very young children will be finding out about themselves. They need strong attachments to parents/carers. In nursery children are usually given a key worker who will be the main contact. They may begin to have tantrums at this stage through frustration when wanting to do things for themselves. They will also begin to smile and show enjoyment and recognise certain routines or familiar sounds that make them smile. 3 – 7 years. Children In this age group will be more independent and make their own choices. They will start to play alongside their peers and socialise in imaginative play. It is now important for children to recognise boundaries . Friendships are important at this stage and many children will have close friends. Even though children are becoming independent they still need parents/carers to meet their emotional needs. They will respond well to responsibility for example class helpers, but still need adult approval. 7 – 12 years . Children’s friendships will be more settled and they may have best friends. They will now need the chance to solve problems and carry out activities which require independence. At around 12 years old children may be moving schools this transition may cause anxiety if they are to be separated from their friends. They will still need encouragement and praise, and will be very aware of what others may think of them. 12 -16 years . At this stage young people self-esteem can be very vulnerable, as their bodies look grown up they still need guidance. They will spend more time with their own friends, but may display some childish ways because they may be unsure how to behave in some situations. Children are more aware of actions and consequences and are thinking about other children’s feelings. 16 -19 years. Children now enter adulthood but will sometimes still need advice and guidance from adults. Some will still will lack emotional maturity and vary in interaction with others. Young people have a very good understanding of right and wrong. Influences on Development. How development is influenced by personal and external factors’. A child’s development begins at conception ,the genetic information for that child is determined .A healthy embryo is 46 chromosomes 23 form the egg and 23 from the sperm if any are missing and the baby survives this will have a dramatic effect on the development of the child. For example most children with Down syndrome have 47 chromosomes the additional one is 21,also the older a mother is the risk is higher. A baby can also be affected due to smoking, taking drugs and alcohol consumption. According to the NHS choices your health your choice. The alcohol a mother drinks passes from her blood to the placenta and to the baby. A baby’s liver is the last organ to develop and does not mature until the last half of pregnancy .Too much exposure to alcohol can really affect the baby’s development. If you drink too much during pregnancy your baby may develop (FAS) foetal alcohol syndrome which presents as restricted growth, facial abnormalities and learning and behaviour disorders. Good. Illegal drugs use during in pregnancy including cannabis, ecstasy, cocaine and heroin) can have serious effects on your unborn baby. However people who take drugs daily need to seek medical advice due to withdrawal problems when stopping any drugs. Also not all â€Å"natural† remedies are safe always seek medical advice. A child’s birth experience will have an influence on their development if a baby is premature or does not breathe straight away their brain may be starved of oxygen which can affect learning in later life. A child’s health can be determined by genetic factors for example NHS choices states the blood disorder Sickle cell anaemia can cause a wide range of symptoms though not all people will experience all symptoms which are ,episodes of pain which is the most common and upsetting symptom. A crisis is triggered when the abnormal blood cells block the small blood vessels that supply the bodies tissues, this causes swelling and damage younger children may have swelling of the hands and feet. As a child gets older the most common areas of pain are ribs, spine, pelvis, abdomen, breastbone, long bones in the legs and arms A crisis can occur for no apparent reason but certain triggers are, changes in body temperature due to illness or environment, dehydration or a sudden lack of oxygen due to sudden exertion or stress. In older children potential triggers are alcohol , cigarettes and illegal drugs. Children with sickle cell anaemia are prone to infections under the age of 3 because of th e abnormal blood cells which disrupt the function of the spleen which filters harmful bacteria and viruses from the blood so these children are vulnerable to pneumonia, osteomyelitis a bone infection and meningitis .Jaundice is another common symptom as are lower leg ulcers, delayed growth and priapism in teenage boys. Due to the life threatening conditions it is important to seek medical advice straight away if your child’s develops any of the above symptoms. Coeliac disease is a common digestive condition where the person has an adverse reaction to gluten eating foods that contain gluten can trigger a range of symptoms such as : diarrhoea, bloating and wind, abdominal pain, weight loss, and feeling tired all the time .This disease is known as an autoimmune condition, this is where the body’s defence system against infection mistakenly attacks healthy tissue due to substances found inside gluton. This damages the small bowel disrupting the body’s ability to absorb nutrients from food .Why this happens is not clear although a combination of genetic make- up and the environment play a part. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley and rye, which is in pasta, cakes, breakfast cereal, most breads, certain sauces and some ready meals .There is no cure for coeliac disease but a gluten free diet may help control the symptoms and prevent long term consequences. Complications may occur if you continue to eat gluten which are osteop orosis and anaemia. The symptoms of Tuner syndrome vary upon the age of the girl or woman affected .Baby’s born with Turner syndrome often have swollen hands and feet which is caused by excess fluid around the tissues. Other symptoms that may develop before birth are thick neck tissue .swelling of the neck and being a small baby. The 2 most common symptoms are short height and ovaries that do not work properly. Baby’s with Tuner syndrome usually grow normally until the age of 3yrs, after this they will grow at a slower rate. At puberty there is not the normal growth spurt and on average a woman with this symptom is about 20cm smaller than other women .Ovaries may not function properly which may result in infertility. The appearance is also affected causing, a short wide neck, a broad chest and wide nipples, arms that turn slightly at the elbows, a low hairline ,mouth and teeth problems, a lot of moles, spoon shaped nails, a short fourth finger or toe. Eye symptoms are eyes that slant down, droopy eyelids, a squint, lazy eye, cataracts, short sightedness. Ear symptoms are low set ears, reoccurring middle ear infections, hearing loss which may occur in later life .Turner syndrome is associated with other conditions some are heart murmur , underactive thyroid, high blood pressure, osteoporosis, scoliosis, diabetes, lymphoedema, gastrointestinal bleeding, other digestive conditions, kidney and urinary tract problems. Most girls have good language and reading skills, however some social and behaviour difficulties are over looked by doctors and this can cause great anxiety for the family, they are problems with social intelligence, lack of spatial awareness problems with numeracy, attention and hyperactivity problems. About a third of girls will have social relationship problems due to the way the brain develops. More than 8 out of 10 females will have spatial awareness problems which may cause problems when driving of using a map. A similar number struggle with maths this is known as dyscalculia and if teachers are not aware of this it may cause problems. ADHD may be present in toddlers which may reduce about 12 years old. In some cases medical treatments may not work because of Turner syndrome. Any child who has any learning difficulties should be encouraged to develop to the best of their ability in all areas of learning and development. When working with SEN children you will have advice from other professionals regarding this. External factors. Pupils will come from a range of different background, family, culture, circumstances. Many families will go through a lot of changes in a child’s school years some of which the school may not be aware of. These may be divorce, bereavement, illness or moving house or country . Good overview of the external factors that may influence development. Any one of these may affect children’s emotion or intellectual development you may notice a change in the pupil. Poverty and deprivation will have a significant effect on pupil development. Statistics show that children who come from deprived background s are less likely to thrive in school. This could be relative poverty which is comparison of income compared to the average.. It is concerned with material possessions that society deems relevant to daily life. Absolute poverty is the lack of basic human needs such as food, shelter, warmth, sanitation, education and health care. This is quite rare in the UK. Poverty can have an effect on diet, housing and play opportunities A balanced diet Is important for children growth. Families on a low income have to buy cheaper foods which are mostly fast food or highly processed, these types of food contain little nutrition value. Eating this food can lead to becoming over weight and malnutrition in children which means they may become lethargic unsettled and hyperactive. Diets that lack certain vitamins may cause health conditions for example lack of Vitamin C may cause scurvy-easy bruising spontaneous bleeding, joint and muscle pain lack of Vitamin D may cause rickets –tiredness aches and pains as will lack of calcium, lack of Iron may cause anemia delays in infant motor functions and if present in pregnancy small or early births and fatigue. Poor housing conditions resulting in damp and crowded houses may results in child on set of asthma and no room to play or develop due to lack of exercise. These children need other clubs or groups but due to low income they cannot be provided, this may lead to obesity and delay in physical development. A child’s development is strongly influenced by the family around them and parents are the most important educators and source of information in the childcare setting. Most parents will do their best to stimulate and help their children to thrive and grow. But some parents are unable to do this because of ill health or drug abuse or depression .Also stress with in the family through bereavement or divorce can cause anxiety within a child and lead to a major change in their behaviour. .As children grow older they will often decide for themselves which club to join and which friends to have. They will be in situations which require their own decisions to be made, they may find themselves under pressure to experiment with drugs or alcohol and the decisions they make will affect their behaviour if they choose to abuse drugs such as cannabis as this can affect brain development. Also they now decide what they eat and the wrong choice may result in obesity. A good quality of education from home and school is extremely important to a child’s overall development both social and moral. The reasons why children’s development may not follow the expected pattern are personal and external factors as stated above. There are also many other factors which are as follows Emotional, Children grow and learn when their emotional needs are fully met and their development will benefit. Physical reasons are if a child has difficulties with their growth their fine motor skills and hand eye co-ordination may be affected. Environmental factors are an external factor as stated above. Cultural reasons these are the different values and beliefs according to their country of origin and their religion in some cases boys are treated different from girls ,girls are often viewed as the homemaker and it is not essential for them to complete their education. This can affect their development as they do not receive their statutory education as recommended in the UK. Good point. Social influences and family structure as stated above family structure and lifestyle has an influence on children’s development, divorce or bereavement will cause a child to stress resulting In the child becoming anxious and withdrawn. If parents struggle with a particular area of learning this area may become delayed. Disability may affect development in many ways. Depending on the child’s need it may cause a delay in a certain aspect of their development for example a physical disability may affect their social skills and if they become withdrawn this may lead to becoming frustrated also the attitudes and expectation of others affect the child- if we assume that it is not possible for a disabled person to do something we restrict their opportunity to take part so we restrict their development in all areas. It is important that we look at the needs of the child no on the disability. In my role as TA2 in special needs school we always have to be realistic about the expectations of our children as all our children require extra support but are 100% encouraged to be as independent as is possible. There are no labels in our school only children and their needs. Early intervention is important when delays are suspected so a child may receive the help they require as soon as possible, as this may help the child live a full and successful life as adults. Early years settings play a crucial part in early identification of SEN in young children. When a young child attends an early years setting they will be assigned a key worker who will observe and assess the child’s development and can quickly identify any possible delays. For example if a child has a language delay which is crucial to learning, as it is linked to our thoughts, which enables us to store information an organised way, they will be at a disadvantage straight away as their thought process will be less able and they may struggle to express themselves .The earlier any delay is detected the sooner other professionals can be sought and advice and plans for support are given. This is important for the child as early years are a time of rapid growth and development.

Meanings of research and types of research methodologies

Meanings of research and types of research methodologies Chapter 3. Research Methodology This chapter aims to describe the research methodology used in this study. The discussion initially focuses on some of the academic aspects relevant to research and its types, whereas, subsequently, pertinent research methodology used in this study will be discussed in detail. 3.1 Meanings of Research and Types of Research Methodologies Research can be defined as â€Å"the process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data in order to understand a phenomenon† Leedy, P. and Ormrod, J. (2001 cited in Williams, C. 2007). Similarly according to Oxford Dictionary ‘A search or investigation directed to the discovery of some fact by careful consideration or study of a subject; a course of critical or scientific enquiry, can be called as research. Thus, research can be argued as a systematic and well planned investigation for the purpose of exploring answers to various questions. In the same context research methodology can be defined as â€Å"the general approach the researcher takes in carrying out the research project† Leedy, P. and Ormrod, J. (2001 p.14). Hence, the research methodology in the context of this study will provide a plan to investigate the given research problem within the specified frameworks.   Broadly, the commonly used approaches for research can be categorized into quantitative, qualitative and mixed methodologies (Williams, C. 2007). Researchers typically select the quantitative approach to respond to research questions requiring numerical data, the qualitative approach for research questions requiring textural data, and the mixed methods approach for research questions requiring both numerical and textural data†. A brief introduction of these methodologies is given in the following paragraphs: 3.2 Quantitative Research According to (Williams, C. 2007) the Quantitative research was emerged in or around 1250 A.D to facilitate researchers in the analysis through quantification of data. Since then the same has overwhelmingly dominated the western cultural as the most frequently used research pattern for the creation of meanings and new knowledge. In the same context (Creswell, J. 2003 p.18) states that quantitative research â€Å"employ strategies of inquiry such as experimental and surveys, and collect data on predetermined instruments that yield statistical data. The findings from quantitative research can be predictive, explanatory, and confirming. It involves the collection of data so that information can be quantified and subjected to statistical treatment in order to support or refute alternate knowledge claims†. Thus quantitative research techniques are used to gather data/information from different reliable sources, which deal with numbers, statistics, charts, graphs and tables etc. The quantitative research can of different natures. In this context according to (Leedy, P. and Ormrod, J. 2001) â€Å" There are three broad classifications of quantitative research: descriptive, experimental and causal comparative†. Descriptive research involves identification of attributes of a particular phenomenon, where as experimental approach deals with investigates the treatment of an intervention into the study group and then measures the outcomes of the treatment. In comparative approach, the researcher examines the relationships between the variables. A brief comparison of distinct advantages and disadvantages of this research method is as under: Advantages and disadvantages of Quantitative research Advantages of Quantitative Research Disadvantages of Quantitative Research It is objective and can be measured so that comparisons can be made. Findings can be biased by researchers perspective. Researchers must therefore try to keep a ‘distance from their subjects they can use subjects unknown to them and should make no attempt to get to know their subjects other than to collect data from them. Methods, if explained in detail are generally very easy to replicate and so have a high reliability. Research often takes place in an unnatural setting the researchers create an artificial environment in an attempt to control all relevant variables. So, how sure can they be that the results which they obtain in the laboratory will also apply in the real world? Results can be reduced to a few numerical statistics and interpreted in a few short statements. Provides narrow, unrealistic information using measures which capture only a tiny proportion of the concept originally under study. This provokes a question of whether the research actually measures what the researcher claims it does. Hence, quantitative research has a low validity. It can provide information about program stakeholders who were overlooked initially. The results of quantitative research may be statistically significant but are often humanly insignificant. ‘Some things which are numerically precise are not true; and some things which are not numerical are true. The use of a survey instrument that collects data from all program stakeholders in the study may serve to correct the qualitative research problem of collecting data only from an elite group within the system being studies. Uses a static and rigid approach and so employs an inflexible process. Using quantitative assessment can correct for the holistic fallacy (the perception by the researcher that all aspects of a given situation are congruent, when in fact only those persons interviewed by the researcher may have held that particular view). Also the use of quantitative instruments can verify observations collected during informal field observations. Quantitative methods are simplifications of the qualitative methods and can only be meaningfully employed when qualitative methods have shown that a simplification of identified relations is possible. Research Methods (n.d) [online] Available at: http://www.cluteinstitute-onlinejournals.com/PDFs/200768.pdf 3.3 Qualitative research: Williams, C. (2007) describes qualitative research as â€Å"it is a holistic approach that involves discovery†. Qualitative research is also described as an unfolding model that occurs in a natural setting that enables the researcher to develop a level of detail from high involvement in the actual experiences (Creswell, J. W. 1994). Bryman, A. (2001) defines qualitative research as a â€Å"strategy that usually emphasizes words, feelings, perception, rather than quantification in the collection and analysis of data. It is intuitivist, constructionist, and interpretive, but qualitative researchers do not always subscribe to all three of these features..Qualitative Research tends to be concerned with words rather than numbers†. Several writers identified the features of qualitative research. Some of these cited in (Hoepfl, C. M. 1997) are as under: Qualitative research uses the natural setting as the source of data. The researcher acts as the â€Å"human instrument† of data collection. Qualitative researchers predominantly use inductive data analysis. Qualitative research reports are descriptive, incorporating expressive Language. Qualitative research has an interpretive character, aimed at discovering the meaning events have for the individuals who experience them, and the interpretations of those meanings by the researcher. Qualitative researchers pay attention to the idiosyncratic as well as the pervasive, seeking the uniqueness of each case. Qualitative research has an emergent (as opposed to predetermined) design, and researchers focus on this emerging process as well as the outcomes or product of the research. Qualitative research is judged using special criteria for trustworthiness. There are several different methods for conducting a qualitative research; however, Leedy, P. and Ormrod, J. (2001)recommend the following five: Case studies, grounded theory, ethnography, content analysis, and phenomenological.Creswell, J. (2003) defines that how these methods meet different needs. â€Å"For instance, case studies and the grounded theory research explore processes, activities, and events while ethnographic research analyses broad cultural-sharing behaviors of individuals or groups. Case studies as well as phenomenology can be used to study individuals†. 3.4 Grounded theory approach: In recent times, grounded theory approach has been very popular among social researchers engaged with small-scale research. (Allan, G. 2003) Stated that â€Å"Grounded Theory is a powerful research method for collecting and analysing research data. It was ‘discovered by (Glaser Strauss 1967) in the 1960s†. (Williams, C. 2007) defines the approach as â€Å"Grounded theory research is the process of collecting data, analyzing the data, and repeating the process, which is the format called constant comparative method. The data can be obtained from several sources such as interviewing participants or witnesses, reviewing historical videotapes or records, observations while on-site†. According to (Glaser and Strauss 1967, p.237) cited in (Douglas, D. 2003). there are four requirements for judging a good grounded theory as follows. Fit (does the theory fit the substantive area in which it will be used?) We can say that it is difficult to fit grounded theory in our subject area because of data compulsions and varying defence expenditure of all countries in the world. Understandability (will non-professionals concerned with the substantive area understand the theory? Because of confusion in the coding method, it is difficult to understand for non-professionals. Generalisability (does the theory apply to a wide range of situations in the substantive area?) As there is no general model of defence expenditures and it depends on the peace and war conditions of every country. So we can conclude that it is difficult to generalize it.   Control (does the theory allow the user some control over the â€Å"structure and process of daily situations as they change through time?†) It can be concluded that one cannot implement this theory on daily changing situations; hence theory gives no control to its users. Grounded theory has many limitations/Criticism as follows: Allan, G. (2003) stated that â€Å"The technique of coding by using Micro-analysis of data is difficult because of two reasons: firstly, it is very time consuming. Secondly, this method led to confusion, when divide the data into individual words†. To scale the larger concepts by using grounded theory is much difficult. Another criticism pointed out by Allan, G. (2003) is that â€Å"Grounded theory is a lack of rigour due to careless interview techniques and the introduction of bias†. In coding procedure actual meaning of the data may lose or disconnected. It is difficult in grounded theory analysis to present a wide picture because it is detailed procedure Advantages and disadvantages of Qualitative research: Advantages of Qualitative Research Disadvantages of Qualitative Research Provides depth and detail Fewer people studied usually. Less easily generalised as a result. Openness can generate new theories and recognize phenomena ignored by most or previous researchers and literature. Difficult to aggregate data and make systematic comparisons. Helps people to see the world view of those studies their categories, rather than imposing categories, simulates their experience of the world. Dependent upon researchers personal attributes and skills (also true with quantitative, but not as easy to evaluate their skills in conducting research with qualitative). Attempts to avoid pre-judgments Participation in setting can always change the social situation (although not participating can always change the social situation as well). It allows the researcher to describe existing phenomena and current situations. It can be very subjective as the researcher often includes personal experience and insight as part of the relevant data thus making complete objectivity an impossibility. It is useful in examining the totality of a unit a holistic approach. It has a very low reliability in that it is extremely difficult to replicate a piece of qualitative research due to the fact that it does not have a structured design or a standardized procedure. It yields results that can be helpful in pioneering new ground. Research Methods (n.d) [online] Available at: http://www.cluteinstitute-onlinejournals.com/PDFs/200768.pdf 3.5 Mixed methods: Tashakkori, A. and Teddlie, C. (2003) â€Å"discussed the mixed methods approach to research, which emerged in the mid-to-late 1900s†. They argued that â€Å"with the mixed methods approach to research, researchers incorporate methods of collecting or analyzing data from the quantitative and qualitative research approaches in a single research study† (Johnson, R. B. Onwuegbuzie, A. J. 2004). Similarly, according to (Parse, R 2003) the â€Å"Qualitative and quantitative research approaches are different in their ontologies, epistemologies, and methodologies, yet there are also exists similarities in both. They are alike in that when conducted according to appropriate designs; both inquiry approaches answer research questions that arise from the researchers interests which are a reflection of beliefs and values. Also, both approaches elicit evidence that enhances understanding of the phenomena under study†. Thus in case of mixed methods; researcher collects and analyzes the statistical data as well as narrative data, which is norm for quantitative research and qualitative research respectively in order to address the selected research questions. (Johnson, R. B. Onwuegbuzie, A. J. 2004) opines that â€Å"the goal for researchers using the mixed methods approach to research is to draw from the strengths and minimize the weaknesses of the quantitative and qualitative research approaches†. (Williams, C. 2007) concluded that â€Å"the mixed methods approach to research provides researchers with the ability to design a single research study that answers questions about both the complex nature of phenomenon from the participantsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ point of view and the relationship between measurable variables†. 3.6 Reliability and Validity The validity and reliability of numerical/statistical data is important to conclude efficient results. In this context (Leedy, P. and Ormrod, J. 2001) argues that â€Å"validity and reliability are important components that affect correlation coefficients†. To understand the meaning of reliability and validity, it is important to present the different definitions of reliability and validity as under. According to Bryman, A. and Bell, E. (2007) reliability means â€Å"whether or not the results of a study are repeatable.† Similarly, Joppe, M. (2000 p.1 cited in Golafshani, N. 2003) defines reliability in quantitative research as â€Å"The extent to which results are consistent over time and an accurate representation of the total population under study is referred to as reliability and if the results of a study can be reproduced under a similar methodology, then the research instrument is considered to be reliable†. Miles, M. B., and A. M. Huberman (1994 cited in Meyer, C. B. 2001) stated that â€Å"Reliability focuses on whether the process of the study is consistent and reasonably stable over time and across researchers and methods. Joppe, M. (2000 p.1 cited in Golafshani, N. 2003) provides the explanation of what validity is in quantitative research as â€Å"Validity determines whether the research truly measures that which it was intended to measure or how truthful the research results are†. Similarly according to (Bashir, M., et. al. 2008) the â€Å"Validity in qualitative research means the extent to which the data is plausible, credible and trustworthy; and thus can be defended when challenged†. Meyer, C. B. (2001) writes that â€Å"The problem with the validity criteria suggested in qualitative research is that there is little consistency across the articles as each author suggests a new set of criteria†. And â€Å"the problem of reliability in qualitative research is that differences between replicated studies using different researchers are to be expected†. The purpose of validity and reliability of the information will be ensured in this piece of work through previous studies/reports and reliable data bases i.e. Sipri yearbooks data, HDI official site data, data from OECE publications, UN data base and data from India/Pakistan budget. 3.7 Triangulation ‘Triangulation is used in qualitative research to improve the validity and reliability which involve the use of more than one research technique within a single study. In this context Patton (2001 p. 247 cited in Golafshani, N. 2003) advocates the use of triangulation by stating â€Å"triangulation strengthens a study by combining methods. This can mean using several kinds of methods or data, including using both quantitative and qualitative approaches†. Denzin, N.K. and Lincoln, Y.S. (1998) writes that â€Å"In order to overcome few problems, the researcher will use a mixture of data sources which is called as ‘data triangulation to provide alternatives to justification†. This will help to increase the scope, depth and consistency in methodological proceedings (Flick, U. 2002). There are several methods of triangulation as (Burns, R.B. 2000 p. 420) describes various triangulation methods like â€Å"Environmental Triangulation, Investigator Triangulation, Theoretical Triangulation and Combined level of Triangulation†. (Golafshani, N. 2003) stated that â€Å"Triangulation is typically a strategy (test) for improving the validity and reliability of research or evaluation of findings. (Mathison, S. 1988 p.13) elaborates this by saying that â€Å"Triangulation has risen an important methodological issue in naturalistic and qualitative approaches to evaluation [in order to] control bias and establishing valid proposi tions because traditional scientific techniques are incompatible with this alternate epistemology†. The employment of qualitative techniques with triangulation would help increase the validity and reliability of this piece of research where appropriate. Data Collection 3.8 Primary Data The primary data is the type of data which is collected by the researcher for the specific purpose of answering the problem on hand. In other words the data observed or collected directly from firsthand experience is called primary data. Primary data can be gathered by different methods i.e. communication, interacting with respondents, observation methods, surveys, interviews, or through questionnaire. David, A. et al. (2003) stated that â€Å"The main advantage of this type of data is that the data collected is for a specific purpose and tailored for the problem†. More so one can gather un- biased and original data from this method. The main disadvantages of this method are: it may be costly, raw data, huge volume of population, large volume of data and time consuming. Questionnaires Survey is the common method conduct to collect primary data. 3.9 Secondary Data Secondary data come from studies previously performed by government agencies, trade associations, chambers of commerce and other organizations. Secondary data can also be found in local libraries, on the Web, books, government publications, periodicals as well as electronic databases, magazines and newspapers, are also great sources of secondary data.   Good marketing research should always start with secondary data. This data and information that already exist (Naresh, K. M. et. al. 2006). One of the advantages of secondary data is that it is often cheaper than doing primary research. In this context Morgan, D.L. (1993) argued that â€Å"The advantages of secondary research is that it can be much quicker and cheaper to access, where many companies may not able to have the resources to carry the research†. Another advantage of the existing data is that its saves time. Gilbert A., Churchill, Jr. (1995) has written that â€Å"The most significant advantages of secondary data are the cost and time economies they offer†. 3.10 The Research Paradigm for this Study According to Anderson (2004), the research methodologies can be broadly classified in to two types i.e. positivist and interpretive. Keeping in view the nature of this research the suggested methodology to be adopted is an interpretive one, as the data collection will involve the recording of the human emotions and feelings rather than the statistics and number. Research methodology for primary and secondary data is as follows; 3.11 Listen Read phonetically Dictionary View detailed dictionary Case study approach Adopting the case study approach to the research is very useful in this research study because conclusions based on data collected. This approach will reveal critical analysis  Ã‚   of recruitment and selection process as tool of diversity management .in the public sector organization in Pakistan, Yin (2002) suggests that the approach of case studies is very relevant if the researcher wants different sources of information not the single sources of information used to carry out the research. Thats exactly what this study attempts to achieve different aspects  Ã‚   of recruitment and selection process as a tool of diversity management in public sector organization in PakistanListen.Read phoneticall Dictionary View detailed dictionary 3.12 Approaching the organization and collection of data The main reason for choosing this topic is the fact that the author was an international student in London during the research. This allowed the author to carry out research on the public sector organization is one of the well known organizations in Pakistan, a country which belongs to the author. This allowed the author to conduct a comprehensive study on public sector organization. 3.13 Data Collection This is the second step in the search that once select the research problem has been chosen as the target organizations. William and Lisa (2006) states that the use of different sources to get data and the information from one approach was not discussed in an alternative approach. Two main sources of information primary and secondary data have been used to fulfill the requirements of this research.The main source of primary data for this study is represented in the interviews and questionnaires.Academic books, journals, articles magazines, newspapers, different libraries and electronic sources have been used including the British Library on the basis of secondary sources of information. 3.14 Primary Data The primary data of this research is represented in Questionnaires and Semi-structured interviews with HR manager, employees concerns human resources management and candidates to the  Ã‚   organisation. It is well known that the loss of respondents is high for questionnaires (Creswell, 1994). Therefore, it is important to clearly indicate the purpose of the interviews and the following questionnaire to participants before the interviews take place. 3.15 The Interviews An interview questions can be done in form of structured questions, already in place in advance or unstructured or semi-structured in-depth interviews are generally used. The advantages of interviews with concerns people that the interviewer can ask lots of questions, at the same time, questions may be more complex in nature because they can be cleaned with indistinctness during the course of the interview, however, also disadvantages, especially when the respondent is affected by the interviewer (Denscombe, 1998). This may be aspects of class, gender, race or other biases. In addition, the researcher could expect to be questioned about some of the interview and thus respond in this way consider ‘correct ‘or ‘acceptable. The general problems associated with the conduct of interviews, it is tedious (Hussey Hussey, 1997) Listen Read phonetically Dictionary View detailed dictionary Another way to conduct interviews by phone, the problem is that the answers are more penetrating and detailed than ever as is the case when they are interviewed in person. As is the case with personal interviews that the meeting has the potential to obtain responses from the highest quality possible to do so. Important when it comes to telephone interviews is that they must be limited in time. Additionally, questions can be quite complex due to difficulties in capturing the interest of respondents when it is not the situation facing. Advantages can be fast and cheap and the interview has the potential to clarify issues. To collect data for this study, face to face interviews and telephone interviews will be used. The interview with, HR managers and employees of the organization, everyone will be asked for their feedback in the process of recruitment and selection as a tool of diversity management evaluation. What are the main problems that employees face in this system? The interview will be conducted from HR manager and more than five employees of concern organisation Will better understand the Employee feedback their comments on the benchmarking process and what improvements can be made. Feedback from managers and employees to help understand the objectives of the recruitment and selection evaluation process and make changes to improve the process. 3.16 The Questionnaire At the end of interviews, questionnaires and the purpose of these questions will be given. This questionnaire consists of some of the biggest questions, divided into one part in several issues regarding recruitment and selection process as a tool of diversity management. What are the strategies and techniques are being used in concern department of human resources management to motivate and improve the process. In the end, respondents have the opportunity to write additional comments if they felt that something was overlooked during the interview or questionnaire. 3.17 Secondary Data The source of printing means of secondary data for this research articles, journals, academic books, magazines and concern organization website. There are many references to the British Library by the author. In addition, the library will be also used in the Kensington College of Business and online library of university of Wales as well. 3.18 Population/Sample size A total of seven interviews will be carried out to obtain primary data. Details of the interviews along with the important issues will be focused during the interviews are as under: Senior HR manager of the federal public service commission will be interviewed and acquired data accordingly for the purpose of this research. Candidates will be interviewed and nominations made by the Commission for various positions during the years 2004 to 2008. Gender-Wise distribution of Vacancies. Province / Region wise distribution of vacancies. Comparative Performance of Candidates from different regions and backgrounds. Gender wise marital status based configuration of candidates. Age group wise configuration of candidates. Educational background based configuration. Religion based configuration. Three interviews of the candidates registered with FPSC for the competitive examinations for induction into public services of Pakistan. Each of the three subjects represented male, female and non Muslim candidates representing their respective communities in the country.  Ã‚   Three interviews of the employees in public services of Pakistan. Each of the three subjects represented male, female and non Muslim employees representing their respective communities in the country.   Listen 3.19 Research Methodology Limitations: Being case study, the research has the limitations of the generalization i.e. the findings and results of the same will remain organisational specific. Hence, its application to other scenarios of the same nature may not sound reasonable. Furthermore, the consistency factor will be quite low, being based on personal observations and perspectives, therefore the repetition of the same study may not yield the same results. The reliability aspects will also be quite sensitive, as the employees are not likely to express their opinion in a candid manner against their organisation.

Hemingway :: Essays Papers

Hemmingway Hemingway Hero’ is the foundation for the main charater in all of Hemingway’s stories. The ‘Hemingway Hero’ is always a man, more so, he is a rough, woodsy type; a real man’s-man. He drinks, he hunts, and he acts first then asks questions later. He goes from one woman to another, and women are good for little more than reproduction. (Shoemaker) He has hopes, dreams, convictions and beliefes which he strictly follows, but he does not talk about them. This is one great example of the ‘Hemingway Hero’ being a man: â€Å"How much did you suffer?† â€Å"Plenty,† replied the old man.† (Ernest Hemingway, â€Å"Old Man and The Sea† 126.) This conversation took place after the old man had been fighting a twelve hundred pound marlin for three days with little drink and only raw fish to eat. This pattern of the ‘Hemingway Hero’ is consistent in all of Hemingway’s writings. Santiago, from â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea,† has a striking similarity to each of the injured soldiers in â€Å"In Another Country.† All of these men are proud and it is shown in the soldiers thoughts about his medals (Adventures in American Literature 649) and in Santiago’s belief that a man can be destroyed, but not defeated; which is also major theme in many of Hemingway’s writings. However, the hero varies from story to story in their realism. In â€Å"In Another Country† the characters display a more human quality of emotion, where as Santiago seems to have a super-human restraint and is always stoic. Hemingway uses most every kind of literary device imaginable in his writing. One major item is the use of understatement (Shoemaker), the quote in the second paragraph is an excellent example as is; â€Å"It is very difficult,† he said â€Å"I am utterly unable to resign myself,† (Adventures in American Literature, 651.) This quote is from an injured soldier morning the loss of his recently wed bride.

Essay --

In the following paper, I will be examining and comparing Turkey and Spain in order to determine their overall attitude towards immigration. I will first go into depth about the history and background of both Spain and Turkey, specifically in regards to immigration. After that, I will come up with two hypothesis in order to determine whether education and political orientation affect Turks’ and Spains attitudes towards immigration. The first hypothesis lists the relationship between education and attitude towards immigration, while the second provides the relationship between political orientation and attitude towards immigration. Finally, I will use statistical data to either prove or disprove my hypothesis. Research Question: For these two specific countries and our research for them, our research question was â€Å"Does country matter in political orientation and level of education and people’s attitudes towards immigrants?† Literature Review: From our literature review, we learned that attitudes towards immigrants in a society are influenced by the way the population accepts the i... Essay -- In the following paper, I will be examining and comparing Turkey and Spain in order to determine their overall attitude towards immigration. I will first go into depth about the history and background of both Spain and Turkey, specifically in regards to immigration. After that, I will come up with two hypothesis in order to determine whether education and political orientation affect Turks’ and Spains attitudes towards immigration. The first hypothesis lists the relationship between education and attitude towards immigration, while the second provides the relationship between political orientation and attitude towards immigration. Finally, I will use statistical data to either prove or disprove my hypothesis. Research Question: For these two specific countries and our research for them, our research question was â€Å"Does country matter in political orientation and level of education and people’s attitudes towards immigrants?† Literature Review: From our literature review, we learned that attitudes towards immigrants in a society are influenced by the way the population accepts the i...